Deep-Inverse Correlography: Towards Real-Time High-Resolution Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging (Optica 2020)

Low signal-to-noise ratio measurements, primarily due to the quartic attenuation of intensity with distance, are arguably the fundamental barrier to real-time, high-resolution, non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging at long stand-offs. To better model, characterize, and exploit these low SNR measurements, we use spectral estimation theory to derive a noise model for NLoS correlography. We use this model to develop a speckle correlation based technique for recovering occluded objects from indirect reflections. Then, using only synthetic data sampled from the proposed noise model, and without knowledge of the experimental scenes nor their geometry, we train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to solve the noisy phase retrieval problem associated with correlography. We validate that the resulting Deep-Inverse Correlography approach is exceptionally robust to noise, far exceeding the capabilities of existing NLOS systems both in terms of spatial resolution achieved and in terms of total capture time. We use the proposed technique to demonstrate NLoS imaging with 300 μm resolution at a 1 m standoff, using just two 18-th second exposure-length images from a standard CMOS detector.

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